New Delhi: Military conflict with Pakistan after the Pahalgam terror attack has brought into focus the importance of drones in modern warfare, which along with space and cyberspace will write the new paradigm of future wars, a former Director General of Military Operations, who oversaw the Doklam crisis, has said.
In an interview with PTI Videos on Thursday, retired Lt Gen Anil Kumar Bhatt also expressed his displeasure at suggestions in social media by many warmongers who were unhappy with the conflict ending in four days on the grounds that it was an opportunity to reclaim Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.
War, he said, should be the last option and should not be waged since India had achieved its strategic aims.
“Let me tell you, a war or taking back Pak-occupied Kashmir, should be a war of choice, taken by a decision. That is not what was planned this time. Yes, the Indian military was prepared for it, if the escalating ladder took you there,” said Bhatt, who is guiding the growth of the private space technology sector in the country after retirement in June 2020.
As DGMO, Bhatt was one of the most senior military officers in the hierarchy, in-charge of ensuring that the armed forces were operationally ready at all times. Reporting directly to the army chief, the DGMO is intimately involved in shaping strategies to deal with immediate and long-term security challenges, besides coordinating with the other two services as well as civilian and paramilitary security forces.
In times of crisis and escalated tensions, it falls on the DGMO to communicate with his opposite number. Currently, the DGMO is Lt Gen Rajiv Ghai.
Bhatt was DGMO in 2017 when India was locked in a 73-day military standoff with China in the Doklam tri-junction near the Sikkim sector of the Line of Actual Control (LAC). A four-star lieutenant general is the second highest rank in the army, below a five-star general. A field marshal is largely a ceremonial or war-time rank.
“So what I would tell all my fellow countrymen is, war is a serious business. A very, very serious business. And a nation goes for it when all possible options are over. We had options less than war (during the current crisis) and gave a sense to it,” said Bhatt, who spent 38 years in the Army.
Bhatt said coordination between the three services is very important as present day wars are fought not in just one domain but multiple fronts
Asked how important drones were in the latest conflict, he said the unmanned aerial vehicles have created an entirely new paradigm in warfare and the militaries of the world began focusing on it when they achieved spectacular success for Azerbaijan in winning a nearly lost war against a well-armed Armenia.
The drones were Turkish made. Turkiye also supplied drones to Pakistan, which sent swarms of them over Indian air space for surveillance and sometimes lethal payloads.
Bhatt agreed that relatively inexpensive drones costing as little as Rs 2 lakh were able to destroy armoured tanks worth Rs 20-30 crore in the two Azerbaijan-Armenia wars in 2017 and 2020. This made it clear that war theatres of the future will be dotted with drones.
To that there are two more new elements, Bhatt noted.
“Previously, we used to say that wars are fought on land, sea and in the air. But there are two new domains, very, very effective and important domains — space and cyber space — that are now emerging,” said Bhatt. He is now director general of the Indian Space Association, the industry body of the space sector.
Bhatt said the space sector is critical to future warfare as satellites play an important role in intelligence gathering, surveillance and reconnaissance, besides guiding missiles and aircraft to their desired targets.
“But in the future every country will have to protect its assets in space and also know what are the adversaries’ assets in space,” he said.
Bhatt said several countries have demonstrated anti-satellite weapons and are also developing suicidal satellites that go near an adversary’s satellites and destroy it.
“There are kamikaze satellites they are talking of… China has been demonstrating such capabilities,” Bhatt said.
He said space-faring nations were also developing capabilities to repair satellites orbiting the earth and refuelling them.
“Actually a satellite dies, not because its components go away or something. It dies primarily because its source of energy goes away. So, now techniques are being found to refuel a satellite,” Bhatt said.
He said India has nine or 10 military satellites for surveillance purposes and has plans to put in place a constellation of 52 satellites for space-based surveillance.
“These 52 satellites definitely will increase our capability. Today, our gap is filled by companies like Maxar, PlanetM among others. But we would obviously want our own satellites. Shutter control is very important,” Bhatt said.
He said the Pahalgam attack was seen in strategic circles as an attempt by the Pakistan Army to stay relevant in their country after a series of setbacks, including the attack on the Pakistan corps commander residence in 2023 by supporters of former prime minister Imran Khan.
Bhatt said India has drawn a new red line for dealing with Pakistan by warning them of a strong response to every act of terror on Indian soil.
“We have set a new normal — you cross the red line, we will hit back. Of course it will require us to be more prepared. But for Pakistan there is no other method,” he said.
In his view, the keeping in abeyance of the Indus Water Treaty has been a very effective method. Another method, he added, was for India to keep focusing on its growth story while keeping an eye on Pakistan’s activities.
“It’s up to you. You put Pakistan on your front screen and drive your car. Or look at the economy and keep driving it. Keep them (Pakistan) in the rear view mirror, it will be enough. Don’t distract yourself from what they are doing,” he said.
Bhatt recalled former prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s observations on war.
“Prime Minister Vajpayee had mentioned once: ‘It is very easy to start a war but it is very difficult to terminate it’. And that gave much clarity. In war, the challenge is the ability to then stop a war. And secondly, do you achieve your war aims and at what cost?”
The former army officer said this does not mean that a nation should not be prepared for war.
“If you are prepared for war, you prevent a war. And with any adversary, be it on the north or on the west, we have to be prepared. And the preparation is to prevent a war,” Bhatt said.
Bhatt also referred to Israel, saying its name is often suggested as an example in India.
“Israel is in an asymmetric war with a country. There is no country. There is no army. There are no nuclear bombs on the other side. We have to realise we are dealing with an adversary which has a significant army. Not only that, it has a very strong backer,” he said.
