Safeguarding human life against bacterial diseases
By: Muzamil Arif
Humans are susceptible to a wide range of diseases brought on by germs. Humans frequently contract bacterial illnesses such tetanus, TB, pneumonia, typhoid, and others. Pathogenic bacteria are those that infect people and cause various diseases. The body’s defence system’s ability to produce innate immunity allows us to support the growth of numerous microorganisms. Disease-causing bacteria can enter body fluids and tissues by outpacing the body’s own defence mechanisms. There are bacteria everywhere, and they play a crucial role in the ecosystem and in preserving a sustainable environment. Less than 100 different bacterial species have been linked to human disease.
WHAT ARE BACTERAIL DISEASES
Diseases caused through bacteria are called bacterial diseases. The human body contains a variety of microbes. Many of these are referred to be “good bacteria” because they don’t lead to any diseases. The term “harmful bacteria” refers to bacteria that make people sick. Numerous helpful bacteria for humans are found in large numbers in the gut. Less than 100 types of bacteria that cause disease in humans.
Diseases caused by bacteria can be transmitted from one person to another. Bacterial illnesses are contagious illnesses that can spread by water, air, food, insects, vectors, body fluids, etc. Even with all the advances in medical research, bacterial disease in humans continues to be one of the leading causes of death
BACTERIAL ILLNESS IN PEOPLE
Numerous microorganisms can infect humans and lead to sickness. These comprise: Pulmonary Tuberculosis its causative agent is (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) Diptheria- (Corynebacterium diptheriae) Cholera-(Vibrio cholerae), Leprosy-(Mycobacterium leprae)-Pertussis-(Bordetella pertussis), Tetanus-(Clostridium tetani), Plague-(Yersinia pestis), Gonorrhoea -(Neisseria gonorrhoeae), Syphilis -(Treponema pallidum Salmonellosis),Salmonellosis-(Salmonella enteritis).
CAUSES OF BACTERIAL DISEASES
The bacteria cause bacterial infections by entering the human body through a variety of routes. Bacterial illnesses can spread to other people. Bacteria can spread via direct touch, as well as through food, drink, air, etc. Among these sources are: through polluted water and food, by engaging in sexual activity with a carrier, sharing contaminated needles, sterilising needles, or contaminated surgical supplies, through bodily fluids or contaminated excrement.
Bacteria can harm the host cell directly or they can trigger an inflammatory immune response that does the same. People with weakened immune systems are more vulnerable to bacterial infections.
The following mechanisms are used by bacteria to inflict harm:
1-DIRECT:- Bacteria may harm the host cell directly. Bacteria could remain to the cells and feed on the host tissue’s nutrition. The tissues are harmed by the waste products they discharge.
Production of Toxins – Endotoxins are produced upon the death of Gram-positive bacteria and are found in their outer lipopolysaccharide membrane.
2- INDIRECT:- Bacteria may trigger an excessive or incorrect immune response, which harms host tissues.
SYMPTOMS OF BACTERAIL DISEASES:
The main signs of bacterial illnesses are as follows:
- Painful and bloody urine.
- Irritability.
- Diarrhoea
- Feeling queasy and sick.
- Weakness.
- Rigidity in the neck.
- Flu-like signs.
- Sores and rashes.
RISK ELEMENTS INVOLVED: Children and babies, eating egg and meat that are uncooked or undercooked, Malnutrition, Chronic conditions, genetic influences, immune system diseases.
TREATMENT OF HUMAN BACTERIAL DISEASES:
Antibiotics can be used to treat bacterial illnesses. While bacteriostatic medications stop germs from growing, bactericidal medications actually destroy bacteria. Additionally, some bacterial infections are treated with bacteriophages. Phage treatment is the name for it.
Although there are antibiotics available to treat different bacterial infections in humans, the main cause for concern is constantly evolving bacteria and the development of antibiotic resistance. The overuse of antibiotics in intensive farming practises as well as the treatment of bacterial infections in humans has been a major factor in the rise in bacterial antibiotic resistance.
ANTIBACTERIAL DISEASE PREVENTION:-
Compared to viral infections, bacterial diseases are significantly easier to treat and prevent. Human bacterial illnesses can be avoided by practising good hygiene. By taking the following precautions, bacterial infections can be avoided:
- Accurate immunisation.
- Bleach is used as a surface disinfectant to kill pathogenic microorganisms.
- Preparing meals correctly.
- Eating food that has been cleanly prepared.
- Proper sterilising of surgical instruments, including needles.
- Regularly washing and sanitising your hands.
- Avoiding unguarded sexual contact.
- Be cautious and stay away from crowded areas if you are sick.
- Do not exchange personal things like soap, kitchenware, razors, toothbrushes, etc.
