By: Dr Geeta Shroff
Diabetes, a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels, has become an alarming public health concern globally, especially for women. With November 14th marking World Diabetes Day 2024, this is an opportune time to discuss the impact of diabetes on women’s health and explore effective ways to manage and mitigate its effects. Not only does diabetes impact women differently from men, but the complex interplay of hormonal changes, pregnancy-related challenges, and gender-specific risks can make diabetes management particularly challenging for women.
Unique Challenges faced by diabetic women
For women, diabetes presents specific risks that can have significant health consequences throughout their lives. The effects of diabetes in women are often compounded by hormonal fluctuations during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. Some of the unique risks women face at each phase are as follows –
- Reproductive Health and Menstrual Cycle – High blood sugar levels can impact a woman’s menstrual cycle, leading to irregularities, heavier or lighter periods, and, in some cases, early menopause. Women with diabetes are also at a greater risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is linked to insulin resistance and can further complicate glucose management. Additionally, diabetes can increase the likelihood of developing infections such as yeast infections and urinary tract infections, which can be particularly uncomfortable and challenging to manage.
- Gestational Diabetes – Gestational diabetes, a condition where blood sugar levels become elevated during pregnancy, can affect any woman regardless of whether she had diabetes before pregnancy. This condition puts both mother and baby at risk, as uncontrolled blood sugar can lead to complications like preeclampsia, high blood pressure, and an increased likelihood of caesarean delivery. Furthermore, gestational diabetes increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future, posing a long-term health concern for women.
- Heart Health – cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in women with diabetes. Women with diabetes are more likely than men to develop heart disease, partly due to hormonal factors and partly because symptoms can present differently in women. Diabetes increases the risk of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, all of which are significant risk factors for heart disease and stroke.
- Mental Health – The psychosocial impact of diabetes can be particularly challenging for women. Studies show that women with diabetes have a higher incidence of depression and anxiety compared to their male counterparts.
Effective Management Strategies for Women
Managing diabetes in women requires a multi-faceted approach that considers lifestyle adjustments, medical care, and emotional well-being. Here are some effective strategies that can help women manage diabetes and improve their quality of life.
- Regular Monitoring and Checkups – Blood glucose monitoring is critical for managing diabetes, particularly around the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause. Women should regularly check their blood sugar levels and discuss any changes with their healthcare provider to ensure that they are on an appropriate treatment plan. Regular screenings for cholesterol, blood pressure, and other cardiovascular risk factors are equally important.
- Balanced Nutrition – A diet rich in fiber, lean proteins, healthy fats, and complex carbohydrates is beneficial in stabilizing blood sugar levels. Women should also consider incorporating foods high in antioxidants, which can help mitigate some of the inflammatory effects of high blood sugar.
- Physical Activity – Regular exercise not only helps in controlling blood glucose levels but also aids in maintaining a healthy weight and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Exercise has also been shown to alleviate some symptoms of depression and anxiety, making it a beneficial practice for overall well-being.
- Mental Health Support – Since women with diabetes are more prone to depression and anxiety, seeking mental health support is essential. Engaging in stress-reducing activities such as yoga, meditation, or counseling can make a significant difference in managing the emotional burden of diabetes.
- Hormonal Health Awareness – Understanding how hormonal changes impact blood sugar levels is essential for women with diabetes. Women experiencing menopause may find that their blood glucose levels fluctuate more than usual, which can necessitate changes in medication or lifestyle adjustments.
Technological advancements in diabetes management, such as continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), insulin pumps, and smartphone apps, are making it easier for women to monitor their blood glucose levels and take appropriate actions in real time. For women, managing diabetes is not just about controlling blood sugar—it’s about addressing a spectrum of health needs that span hormonal, cardiovascular, and mental well-being. By focusing on holistic health, personalized care, and emotional support, we can help women lead healthier, more fulfilling lives despite the challenges posed by diabetes.
The writer is Director, NuBella Centre for Women’s Health
