Marriage is one of the most significant bonds in human life, forming the foundation of family, society, and future generations. Islam regards marriage not merely as a social arrangement but as half of one’s faith. To ensure harmony, Islamic jurists introduced the concept of Kufu (compatibility), but in the light of the Quran and Sunnah, the ultimate standard is faith and piety, not lineage or worldly status.
According to Hanafi fiqh, Kufu refers to approximate equality between a man and woman in lineage, religion, profession, and financial capability. This ensures social ease and prevents disputes or criticism from the bride’s family. For instance, a Sayyid woman is traditionally considered compatible with a Sayyid man, a sinful man is not deemed compatible with a pious woman, and financial adequacy is expected to support the household. However, these criteria are meant for social convenience and do not measure true religiosity.
The Quran repeatedly emphasizes that Allah values faith and piety above all else. Surah Al-Baqarah notes that a believing slave is better than a free disbeliever. Surah Al-Hujurat declares that the most honored in Allah’s sight is the one who is most righteous. Clearly, the true measure of excellence is taqwa, not wealth, lineage, or social standing.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ also stressed this point: “If a person comes to you for marriage whose religion and character satisfy you, then marry her” (Tirmidhi). He further said: “A woman is married for four reasons: wealth, lineage, beauty, and religion. Choose the one who is religious, and you will prosper” (Bukhari & Muslim). These teachings confirm that faith and piety are the ultimate criteria for marriage.
In practice, however, many societies prioritize wealth and status over true religious character. Sayyids may marry non-Sayyids if the man is wealthy, but a poor Sayyid man may be rejected despite his noble lineage. Such practices contradict the essence of Shariah, which elevates religiosity over worldly measures.
While Hanafi fiqh regards Kufu as important for social harmony, the Quran and Sunnah make it clear that the true standard is faith and piety. Lineage and wealth may be considered for convenience, but they cannot determine virtue. In the sight of Allah, the most honored are the most pious, regardless of ancestry or financial status.Islam’s guiding principle for marriage is simple yet profound: choose righteousness, faith, and piety. Social or economic factors are secondary and should never overshadow the spiritual core of this sacred union.
