Luang Prabang (Laos): Southeast Asian economies are gaining ground as tourism and exports recover from the shocks of the pandemic, but geopolitical tensions and volatile commodity prices still pose serious risks, regional financial leaders said on Friday.
Laos’ Finance Minister Santiphab Phomvihane read out a joint statement following meetings among finance ministers at a hotel in the Laotian city of Luang Prabang, a UNESCO heritage site, but he made no other remarks and took no questions.
Estimates for economic growth in members of the 10-nation Association of Southeast Asian Nations vary but are generally near a robust 5 per cent for 2024.
“Nevertheless, there are still challenges due to adverse financial spillovers from geopolitical tensions, volatility in global commodity prices,” Phomvihane said, also pointing to climate change, aging populations and rapid development of digitalization as key factors for the region.
He did not elaborate, but the repercussions of the war in Ukraine and tensions between Washington and Beijing are among the geopolitical risks that have impacted trade and global commodity prices in recent years, trickling down to the smaller ASEAN economies that depend heavily on trade with China.
ASEAN members also include Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. East-Timor is seeking to join.
As ASEAN’s most economically challenged economy, excluding its strife-torn neighbour Myanmar, Laos has time to prepare for the aging of its youthful population of about 7.5 million.
The government reckons it is in a demographic sweet spot with a couple of decades to prepare. But it faces a raft of other troubles, with massive foreign debt, a weakening currency and inflation running at about 25 per cent.
In terms of US dollars Laos’ economy is shrinking due to the devaluation of its currency, the kip. However, in local currency terms it grew at a 3.7 per cent rate last year and is forecast to expand at a 4 per cent rate in 2024.
“Things are normalising,” said Winfried F. Wicklein, director general for Southeast Asia for the Asian Development Bank.
But the country is deemed to be in debt distress, with payment obligations exceeding USD 1 billion a year and total borrowing amounting to about 125 per cent of its economy, with half owed to China.
Chinese financial institutions are believed to have rescheduled payments for about USD 2 billion in those debts since 2020, helping Laos to avoid an outright default and relieving some pressure on the economy.
“Pretty big chunks of debt repayments owed to China are being pushed into the future with not much transparency around the repayment process for this,” said Keith Barney, a professor at Australia National University’s Crawford School of Public Policy and who has been researching Laos for more than 20 years.
“It’s a bit of a serious situation the Lao economy is in at the moment and not any immediately apparent exit route that we can easily see,” he said. “Laos’ debt problems are narrowing its future options for economic growth in different ways.”
Still, Laos has acknowledged the seriousness of its debt quandary, allowing the public release of a report by the International Monetary Fund last year that minced no words in outlining urgent actions it said were needed to repair the country’s finances, Wicklein noted.
“They realise they have a problem and are open to help. They are inviting you to the kitchen and it means a lot,” he said.
On the sidelines of the ASEAN meetings this week, Laos signed agreements on launching cross-border payments using QR codes, among other incremental steps aimed at integrating its finances and economy into those of its bigger and richer neighbours.
There were no big statements on climate-related issues as the officials met surrounded by forests obscured by thick smoke from hill fires and burning of fields and waste, a seasonal problem that Laos shares with its ASEAN neighbours.
But such meetings allow top financial officials to collaborate in sharing lessons they have learned as they plot strategies on curbing carbon emissions.
“It’s a long way to go, but everybody is committed to the same direction,” Wicklein said.
Wicklein pointed to a 600 megawatt monsoon wind power project that will allow Laos to export electricity to neighbouring Vietnam as an example of increasing investments in the energy sector beyond Laos’ huge hydroelectric power sector.
“These megadeals have a demonstrable effect,” he said.
